The US Fish and Wildlife Service provides guidelines for locating of towers and other obstructions. Among these are:
- Placement. All new towers should be sited to minimize environmental impacts to the maximum extent practicable.
- Place new towers within existing "antenna farms" (i.e., clusters of towers) when possible;
- Select already degraded areas for tower placement;
- Towers should not be sited in or near wetlands (emphasis added), other known bird concentration areas (e.g., state or federal refuges, staging areas, rookeries, and Important Bird Areas), or in known migratory bird movement routes, daily movement flyways, areas of breeding concentration, in habitat of threatened or endangered species, key habitats for Birds of Conservation Concern ….
- Towers should avoid ridgelines, coastal areas, wetlands or other known bird concentration areas
- Place new towers within existing "antenna farms" (i.e., clusters of towers) when possible;